| Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia 2023 | Resumo: 1224-2 | ||||
Resumo:Sporotrichosis is a mycosis with a global distribution, showing a higher incidence in tropical and subtropical regions. The clinical clade, encompassing species like S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, and S. luriei, is primarily involved in human-related diseases. The etiological agents can be transmitted to the warm-blooded hosts through either a classic route involving traumatic inoculation of fungal propagules from the environment, or a zoonotic route, where contaminated felines act as the primary vectors, transmitting the disease through bites or scratches. While sporotrichosis in humans and cats is well-documented, sporadic occurrences have also been reported in various other animals, such as armadillos, rodents, dogs, horses, cattle, camels, dolphins, goats, birds, pigs, and more. The spread of armadillo-associated sporotrichosis is particularly noteworthy in countries like Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. Here, we present a case report of a 51-year-old male patient from the Midwest region of Brazil, a night watchman and smoker. The patient reported that three months before seeking medical attention, he was scratched on his distal right second finger while hunting and coming into contact with an armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus). The resulting lesion evolved into a hyperkeratotic erythematous plaque, and subsequent culturing confirmed the presence of Sporothrix spp. Genotyping was performed to address questions regarding diversity. Species-specific PCR using the set of primers Ssch-F and Ssch-R confirmed the etiology of S. schenckii s. str. To assess the sample's genetic diversity compared to other isolates from the clinical and environmental clades, we conducted an AFLP analysis (#3 EcoRI-GA/MseI-TT and #5 EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG). Dendrograms (Jaccard Distance, UPGMA) revealed a high cophenetic value in both combinations (96%), while minimum spanning trees confirmed the genetic structure of Sporothrix isolates, with the majority exhibiting a unique genotype. Robustness in the genetic structure was further validated through PCA and the sum of the main components (39.5% and 45.9% for combinations 3 and 5, respectively). Self-organizing maps (SOMs) indicated a significant genetic distance between the clinical isolate in this study and the remaining Sporothrix species, as evident from the thick white lines splitting them. Genetic diversity calculations in S. schenckii s. str. using both AFLP markers revealed great polymorphic information content (PIC=0.3131-0.3451), marker index (MI=0.0064-0.0092), discriminating power (D=0.8899-0.9303), expected heterozygosity (H=0.3887-0.4435), and resolving power (R=32.6250-39.7500). Molecular techniques proved essential in identifying and investigating genetic variability, crucial for understanding isolate dispersion. In conclusion, the armadillo-associated human sporotrichosis reported here underscores the importance of disseminating information about such occurrences. The infrequent reporting of such cases in the literature highlights the need for increased awareness and public policies to address this route of contamination. Moreover, this case has brought to light the significant epidemiological implications of disease transmission through a new vector, shedding light on the potential for easy dispersal due to the armadillos' digging and migration habits. Understanding and addressing these aspects are crucial for effective disease control and prevention strategies. Palavras-chave: armadillo, molecular diagnosis, Sporothrix, sporotrichosis Agência de fomento:CAPES (88887.159096/2017-00), CNPq (433276/2018-5), FAPESP (2017/27265-5) | |||||