| Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia 2023 | Resumo: 467-1 | ||||
Resumo:The role of host immunity and microbiota in infectious disease susceptibility and pathogenesis is a complex and significant area of study. This research aims to investigate how the microbiota influences disease susceptibility in animals, with potential implications for prevention and biomarker identification. In the first study, we examined two groups of pigs, one with clinical signs of respiratory disease and the other asymptomatic, from weaning to the finishing phase. Nasal and laryngeal swabs were collected at different stages and the microbial communities were analyzed using DNA sequencing. The results showed differences in the microbiota composition between the groups, particularly after weaning and at the end of the nursery phase. Bacteria including the genera Actinobacillus, Streptococcus Porphyromonas, Veillonella, and an unclassified genus of Pasteurellaceae were more abundant in pigs with respiratory disease, suggesting a dysbiosis in their microbiota. Additionally, metabolic predictions indicated differences in pathways mainly related to carbohydrate, energy, amino acid, anaerobic, and nucleotide metabolism in symptomatic pigs. In the second study, we focused on cattle and their intestinal microbiota, studying its diversity and potential association with tuberculosis. A pilot case-control study with slaughtered cattle was conducted, comparing those with tuberculosis lesions to healthy ones. The preliminary analysis of these fecal samples revealed no differences in alpha and beta diversities but indicate differences in taxa richness between the two groups. Specifically, microorganisms from the Lachnospiraceae family appeared to be more frequent in healthy cattle, while certain genera like Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, and Paraclostridium were more common in cattle with tuberculosis. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes phyla also indicated potential associations with the animals' health status. In summary, these studies shed light on the impact of respiratory and fecal microbiota on respiratory diseases in animals. The respiratory microbiota could be regulating or influenced by infectious pathogens, as the dysbiosis persisted in pigs even after the resolution of respiratory signs. The fecal microbiota might have a more indirect role in respiratory disease pathogenesis. Further research is needed to identify potential biomarkers’ microorganisms for these conditions. Palavras-chave: microbiota,, infectious diseases, tuberculosis,, one health Agência de fomento:Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. | |||||